Then, in late 2020, a team from Google DeepMind, led by JohnJumper, then a senior research scientist at the organization, cracked it using a machine learning algorithm they called AlphaFold 2.
Some scientists, including the awardees themselves, were left shocked by A.I.’s dominance this year. Hinton said he was “flabbergasted” by the honor and noted in a subsequent press conference that he ...